Scale Comparison

Hydrogen Atom vs Water Molecule

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A water molecule spans about 2.7 times the diameter used here for a hydrogen atom.

Shared physical scale
177pm
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A water molecule’s maximum extent is about 2.7 times the characteristic diameter used here for a hydrogen atom.

The measurements are related but not identical: the atom uses a characteristic diameter, while water uses its longest molecular span. Water’s bent geometry and shared electron density make a single diameter less natural than it is for an isolated atom.

Objects

Object details and sources

Atoms

Hydrogen Atom

100 pmdiameter

Hydrogen is the universe’s simplest and most common atom. Most hydrogen nuclei were forged in the first minutes after the Big Bang, and neutral hydrogen atoms emerged only after the universe cooled enough for electrons and protons to combine about 380,000 years later.

Object class
Atom
Composition
1 proton, 1 electron
Visual creditscaleofspace.org / CC BY-NC 4.0
Molecules

Water Molecule

270 pmmaximum extent

Water is a small bent molecule found throughout space. Astronomers have detected its vapor or ice in star-forming regions, planet-forming disks, comets, and debris around other stars, making it part of planetary chemistry long before it reaches a world like Earth.

Object class
Molecule
Composition
H2O
Visual creditscaleofspace.org / CC BY-NC 4.0

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Scale of Space is a scroll-based journey through the universe, placing objects on a single logarithmic scale so you can compare size across an unbroken range.

Guides explain selected parts of that range, while focused views filter the objects by subject.

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